Holly+CSI

=__CSI Milford__=

=Day 1 Report:=

Observations
Chromatography paper is a key component in ink experiments and is a critical analyitical method technique which is used for separating and identifying mixtures that are or could be colored. There are many different types of chromatography and is one method that can be used for testing compounds and identifying substances. One way it can be used is as a primary or secondary colors in ink experiments.

When the black dots of the strips of paper came in contact with the rubbing alcohol the result was a very colorful streak. Very different colors were on the same strip in a gradient effect. These colors included blues, greens, yellows, purples and more. However, Mrs. Kirshman's pen didn't make a streak. We believe this was because it was a sharpie. Mrs. Craveners pen made the most colors.

Background Information
mixture- a substance made by mixing two or more other substances

solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

paper chromatography- chromatography that used paper strips or sheets as the absorbent stationary phase in which a solution flows

fractional distillation- separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and chemical composition) by means of distillation typically using a ratiocination column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
After being placed into the rubbing alcohol the markers will smudge and be a streak of black.

Tests Performed
We used paper chromatography to find the colors in the different pens/markers. We placed strips of paper with dots of certain markers on them, into 20 ml of rubbing alcohol. The liquid spread up through the paper and caused the ink to also spread. Unlike our hypothesis, the colors that were left behind on the papers were very colorful

Data
Different black markers produced different colored ink when tested with paper chromatography

Conclusions
After marking each strip of paper with the markers and dipping them in the solution the dye n the strip of paper ran. The dye started out black however they changed color. Some where blue, green and purple. After observing the paper strips we have concluded that Mrs. Cravener's marker matched the note best.

=Day 2 Report:=

Observations
the graduated cylinder had a mass of 17.6 grams on its own with the 10 mL of water the measurement is 26.2 gram that means on its own the liquid weighs 8.7 grams D= M/V --> M= 8.7 V=10 **D=.87** water has a density of 1 so the liquid has less density than water

Background Information
graduated cylinder= used to measure the volume of substances

mixture- a substance made by mixing two or more other substances

solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

paper chromatography- chromatography that used paper strips or sheets as the absorbent stationary phase in which a solution flows

fractional distillation- separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and chemical composition) by means of distillation typically using a ratiocination column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
From looking at the liquid, it looks like it might have a density on the lower side.

Tests Performed
We found the density of the liquid by finding the mass of 10 mL of water and following the equation D=M/V.

Data
mass= 8.7 volume= 10 density= .87

Conclusions
After completing the second lab and finding the density of the liquid we discovered that it has a density lower than one. Which a density lower than water. With a volume of 10mL and a weight of .87 grams the density resulted as .87mL/grams.

=Day 3 Report:=

Observations
-At first there was a very small amount of tiny bubbles -then the amount of small bubbles increased -then the bubbles got bigger -then they got big enough to even move the rocks resulting in a clicking noise -the glass started to fog -condensation built up on the glass -drips came from the tube -a lot of bubbles where streaming to the top of the water

Background Information
boiling point= a change of state in which a liquid changes into a gas

mixture- a substance made by mixing two or more other substances

solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

paper chromatography- chromatography that used paper strips or sheets as the absorbent stationary phase in which a solution flows

fractional distillation- separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and chemical composition) by means of distillation typically using a ratiocination column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
I think the substance is going to be a pure substance. When it is heated it will only reach one boiling point.

Tests Performed
We heated the substance to see when it would reach its boiling point. First we places a test tube with the substance in it over an alcohol burner then but a thermometer in it to see how long it would take for it to reach its boiling point and what the boiling point was. Then we we saw that the substance had two boiling points which meant that the mystery substance was a compound, a mixture of two substances with different boiling points.

Heating Curve Test - we heated the substance to see at what temperature it would reach its boiling point.

Conclusions
The experiment resulted in two boiling points. One at 79 degrees Celsius and the other at 99 degrees Celsius. This means that the substance is a mixture of two separate substances. =Day 4 Report:=

Observations
when the temp. reached 79 it stayed that temp meaning it was at it boiling point this liquid looked like: a cloudy yellow liquid (had the smallest volume)

when the temp. reached 99 it stayed that temp meaning it reached the second boiling point this liquid looked like: a cloudy white liquid (had the greatest volume)

when the temp reached 100 it looked like: a clear liquid

when it reaches a boiling point a liquid collects in the test tube in the beaker when it boiled large boiled floated to the top a lot of condensation

Background Information
boiling point= a change of state in which a liquid changes into a gas

mixture- a substance made by mixing two or more other substances

solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

paper chromatography- chromatography that used paper strips or sheets as the absorbent stationary phase in which a solution flows

fractional distillation- separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and chemical composition) by means of distillation typically using a ratiocination column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
A liquid should form in the test tube that is placed in the beaker. When the mystery substance reaches its first boiling point the gas of that substance will go through the tube then condense and form a liquid once it hits the cold water places in the beaker surrounding the second test tube. This should happen again for the remaining liquid when it hits the other boiling point.

Tests Performed
Fractional distillation

Data
(A) First Plateau - 79 degrees (B) Second Plateau - 99 degrees (C) Third & Final Plateau - 100 degree

Conclusions
In conclusion the mystery substance is made up of two other substances making in a compound. The other substance have a boiling point of 79 and 99 degrees Celsius.

=Day 5 Report:=

Observations
only fraction A caught fire when it caught fire it fanned around outside of the stick you only had to quickly touch the match to the stick for it to catch into a flame. the density's of the liquids were around 2-3

Background Information
boiling point= a change of state in which a liquid changes into a gas

mixture- a substance made by mixing two or more other substances

solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

paper chromatography- chromatography that used paper strips or sheets as the absorbent stationary phase in which a solution flows

fractional distillation- separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and chemical composition) by means of distillation typically using a ratiocination column.

__**D=M/V**__

Inferences or Hypothesis
I think Fraction B will be the most dense because it looked the most cloudy

I also believe that Fraction c and a will be flammable

Tests Performed
Fractional Distillation Part 2

Data
__Fraction A__ (5 mL) flammability= flammable density= 2.78 grams/ mL with the graduated cylinder it weights= 21.8 grams alone weights= 13.9 grams

__Fraction B__ (5 mL) flammable= not flammable density= 2.88 grams/ mL with the graduated cylinder it weights= 22.3 grams alone weights= 14.4 grams

__Fraction C__ (5 mL) flammability= Not flammable density= 2.96 grams/ mL with graduated cylinder it weights= 22.7 alone it weights= 14.8 grams

graduated cylinder alone weighs= 7.9 grams

Conclusions
in conclusion Fraction A was the only flammable liquid, the others didn't catch fire. Also fraction C had the highest density and fraction A had the smallest density.

__** Who did it? **__ After collecting black pens and markers from different teachers to discover the mystery person who wrote the ransom note, we used paper chromatography to see what marks the pens and markers would make after being dipped in rubbing alcohol. Mrs. Cravener's pen made a mark that looked the most similar to the mark made by the pen used to write the ransom note. the mark left by Mrs. Cravener's pen was very colorful just as the mark left by the ransom note pen. This narrows down the suspects because we now knew that whoever wrote the note had to have used a pen. However, we later found the penguin laying in the hall by the office with a mysterious liquid placed next to it. We immediately tested the liquid for it's density, weight, flammability, and boiling point. Once we collected all of the data and examining it we discovered it was most likely mixture of Ethyl Alcohol and water that wasn't harmful to the penguin but flammable. After investigating and looking over all of the evidence we came to the conclusion that Mrs. Cravener was the only logical suspect. We had caught Mrs. Cravener red handed. The tickets have always been very effective in encouraging us students to finish our homework so of course Mrs. Cravener would have wanted the tickets for herself. Plus, we even have evidence that Mrs. Cravener wrote a "note to herself' that matched the paper that was used to write the ransom note. In conclusion, all fingers are pointing to Mrs. Cravener.