Keely+CSI

=__ C S I M i l f o r d__=

= Day 1 Report: =

Observations
Paper Chromatography is used in ink experiments and is an analytical method technique for separating and identifying mixtures that are or can be colored. This can be used as secondary or primary colors in ink experiments, and it is o ne method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances.There are different types of paper chromatography. The colors from the ink that were left behind once the paper came in contact with the rubbing alcohol, were very colorful. There were yellows, oranges, greens, blues, purples, and usually these colors were next to each other in a gradient-type effect. Mrs. Kirshman's pen didn't have any ink spread, most likely because it was a sharpie pen. Also, the marker with the most colors present was Mrs. Cravener's marker, which showed a rainbow of colors.

Background Information
__Mixture__ - a substance made by mixing other substances together. __Solution__ - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). __Paper Chromatography__ - chromatography that uses paper strips or sheets as the adsorbent stationary phase through which a solution flows __Fractional Distillation__ - separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
If we use all black markers/pens for our experiment, then the colors left on the paper strips will be black also when dipped in the rubbing alcohol.

Tests Performed
Paper Chromatography Test We used paper chromatography to find the colors in the different pens/markers. We placed strips of paper with dots of certain markers on them, into 20 ml of rubbing alcohol. The liquid spread up through the paper and caused the ink to also spread. Unlike our hypothesis, the colors that were left behind on the papers were very colorful.

Data
Different black markers produced different colored ink when tested with paper chromatography.

Conclusions
We have found that the person who most likely wrote the ransom note was Mrs. Cravener, because her pen matches the ink the best.

Observations
Mass of empty graduated cylinder - 17.6 grams Mass of graduated cylinder and liquid together - 26.3 grams 26.3 - 17.6 = **8.7 grams** D= M/V --> D= 8.7 / 10 --> **Density = .87** Less dense than water ... water has a density of 1

Background Information
__Mixture__ - a substance made by mixing other substances together. __Solution__ - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). __Paper Chromatography__ - chromatography that uses paper strips or sheets as the adsorbent stationary phase through which a solution flows __Fractional Distillation__ - separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
The liquid may have a lower density than water

Tests Performed
Density Test - we did this by the mass of 10 mL of water and following the equation D=M/V

Data
mass= 8.7 volume= 10 density= .87

Conclusions
We have concluded that this liquid has a density lower than one, making it less dense than water. The liquid had a volume of 10mL and a weight of .87 grams - the density was .87mL/grams.

= Day 3 Report: =

Observations
-At first there was a very small amount of tiny bubbles -Over time the amount of small bubbles increased -The bubbles got big enough to even move the rocks resulting in a clicking noise -The glass started to fog and had condensation build up -Drips of liquid came from the tube which soon lead to a lot of bubbles streaming to the top of the water

Background Information
__Mixture__ - a substance made by mixing other substances together. __Solution__ - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). __Paper Chromatography__ - chromatography that uses paper strips or sheets as the adsorbent stationary phase through which a solution flows __Fractional Distillation__ - separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
The substance will be a pure substance.

Tests Performed
Heating Curve Test - w e heated the substance to see at what temperature it would reach its boiling point.

Pictures
(Above)

Conclusions
The experiment resulted in two boiling points; one at 79 degrees Celsius and the other at 99 degrees Celsius. The substance is a mixture of two separate substances.

= Day 4 Report: =

Observations
- When the temp. reached 79 it stayed that temp meaning it was at it boiling point, this liquid looked like: a cloudy yellow liquid (had the smallest volume) - When the temp. reached 99 it stayed that temp meaning it reached the second boiling point, this liquid looked like: a cloudy white liquid (had the greatest volume) - When the temp reached 100 it looked like: a clear liquid - Once it reached its boiling point a liquid collects in the test tube in the beaker - When it boiled large bubbles floated to the top which then lead to a lot of condensation

Background Information
__Mixture__ - a substance made by mixing other substances together. __Solution__ - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). __Paper Chromatography__ - chromatography that uses paper strips or sheets as the adsorbent stationary phase through which a solution flows. __Fractional Distillation__ - separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
A liquid should form in the test tube that is placed in the beaker. When the mystery substance reaches its first boiling point, the gas of that substance will go through the tube and then condense and form a liquid once it hits the cold water surrounding the second test tube. This should happen again for the remaining liquid once it hits the other boiling point.

Tests Performed
Fractional Distillation

Data
(A) First Plateau - 79 degrees (B) Second Plateau - 99 degrees (C) Third & Final Plateau - 100 degrees

Conclusions
In conclusion the mystery substance is made up of two other substances making up a compound.

= Day 5 Report: =

Observations
Only A was flammable and it only took one quite touch of the fire to the stick with the liquid on it for it to catch fire. The densities of the liquids ranged from 2-3.

Background Information
__Mixture__ - <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">a substance made by mixing other substances together.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Solution__ - a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Paper Chromatography__ - chromatography that uses paper strips or sheets as the adsorbent stationary phase through which a solution flows.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Fractional Distillation__ - separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Inferences or Hypothesis
I think that either A or B will be flammable and that, the cloudiest liquid B, will have the greatest density of all three.

Tests Performed
Fractional Distillation Part 2

Data
(A) 5 mL - Flammable - With the graduated cylinder it weighs= 21.8 grams - Alone it weighs= 13.9 grams - Density: 2.78 grams/ mL

(B) 5 mL - Note flammable - With the graduated cylinder it weighs= 22.3 grams - Alone it weighs= 14.4 grams - Density: 2.88 grams/ mL

(C) 5 mL - Not flammable - With graduated cylinder it weighs= 22.7 - Alone it weighs= 14.8 grams - Density: 2.96 grams/ mL

__ The graduated cylinder alone weighs= 7.9 grams __

Conclusions
In conclusion Fraction A was the only flammable liquid, the others didn't catch fire. Also liquid C had the highest density with liquid A having the smallest density.

Who Done It?
After testing the various pens to see who had written the ransom note, asking for the penguin in return for tickets, we found that through the use of paper chromatography it was most likely Mrs Cravener. The ink from the pen that written the note was very colorful, as was Mrs. Cravener's pen unlike the rest of the pens we tested. That tells us that the person who had written the note had used that pen which greatly narrowed down the suspects, but then, later we found the penguin laying on the ground with a mysterious substance. We tested this liquid for its density, flammability, boiling point, and weight. We found that it was most likely an Ethyl Alcohol and water mixture that was flammable, but not harmful to the penguin. Mrs. Cravener being the one behind it all makes sense. She teaches the same students as Mrs. Laguna, so she may have wanted the tickets so that she could increase the amount of homework turned in without having to ask Mrs. Laguna for it herself. In conclusion, all evidence points to Mrs. Cravener being the criminal, also she once wrote a "note to herself" using the same paper as the ransom note!